ࡱ; 253Root Entry F{WCompObjbWordDocumentfObjectPoolTSLTSL    !"#$%&'()*+,-./01QRSTUVW[SummaryInformation(  FMicrosoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.6;  Oh+'0 D h   @d ER(MET_IMP) = "M"  USE speed(C:\MSOFFICE\WINWORD\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT.13th Aug. 1994 Conducting a Sound SweepMartin ColwellMartin Colwell@3HNH@@Cd@~mgMicrosoft Word 6.026ion: The Sound Sweep is an efficient form of grid-searching that utilizes sound to help find a missing person. Recent Sound Sweܥe- e 1f.RRVVVVVD@`V @`@`@`P`f`X@`eE``"``````bbbbbCccBfTf]cV`````c`VV``````V`V`bDV&jV@VVVV`b``13th Aug. 1994 Conducting a Sound Sweep - Instructions to Search Teams by Martin Colwell Introduction: The Sound Sweep is an efficient form of grid-searching that utilizes sound to help find a missing person. Recent Sound Sweep field experiments (ref 1,2,3) have shown that there is a high probability of searchers finding a missing at three to four times the searcher spacing required for a normal, visual grid search. This means that search teams may cover a three to four times larger search area if they employ sound while conducting their grid search. Compared to earlier historical data (ref 4) the Sound Sweep area coverage is up to 6 times greater in dense coniferous forest in summer, 9 times greater (at a low voice-response volume) in winter and 23 times greater in sub-alpine forest in winter. The Sound Sweep therefore is an important new tool for field teams to employ, both for area searching and as they conduct their initial hasty (trail) searches. Limitations: The Sound Sweep technique is based upon the presumption that a missing person will respond with sound, usually by shouting, if he/she hears a loud sound generated by the searchers. For the technique to work the Sound Sweep must be conducted while the missing person is responsive and still capable of an audible (shouted) response. This means that Sound Sweeps should be conducted within the first few days, and preferably within the first 48 hours, of search notification. Procedure: Base Radio Operation A base radio is set up in a location that will have good coverage of the search area or route. A radio operator will repeatedly broadcast the following radio prompt to all the searchers: "Four, Three, Two, One, Blast...". This prompt will be re-broadcast typically every one or two minutes - for the entire duration of the area Sound Sweep. (An assistant radio operator is usually required to relieve with the radio-prompt duties). See the attached table for the required prompt intervals. Alternatively electronic beeper devices have been built that automatically insert four short warning tones then one long (blast) tone into the base radio transmissions, to automatically prompt the searchers to perform their whistle-blasts at the required prompt intervals. Note: Thetarting location along the search area baseline, should identify and flag this location and then radio to base that he/she is commencing the Sound Sweep. There is no need to the searchers to start their sweeps simultaneously. The searcher shall follow the compass bearing assigned by the search manager. Occasional brief radio communications with other team members, and the team leader, should be maintained, to ensure team safety. Every time the searcher hears the Base radio warning prompts commencing he/she shall stop, place the whistle in the mouth and perform a simultaneous loud whistle blast on hearing the radio "Blast" prompt. (To preserve hearing it helps to plug the ears during the whistle-blast). Following the whistle-blast maintain five seconds of radio silence. During this period the searchers stop and carefully listen for an audible voice-response from the missing person. If no audible or visual response is received then the searchers continue travelling until they receive the next radio prompt. The searchers repeat this base-prompted whistle-blast procedure, and listening for an audible response, while they travel the entire search area. The search manager may request that additional Sound Sweeps be performed, preferably at right-angles to the previous sweep. These additional sweeps are necessary if the missing persons probability of detection has to be increased. Sound Sweep Trail Searching: A Sound Sweep trail search, for a normal voice-response person, approximately doubles to triples the width of the trail-searched corridor compared to standard visual searching. This Sound Sweep corridor has a bell-shaped POD profile which starts at 100%POD on the trail, and tapers down to 20%POD at the far edges of the corridor. This sound-swept corridor is approximately 270m(886ft) wide in dense coniferous forest under summer conditions, and 560m(1837ft) wide in dense coniferous forest, or open sub-alpine forest, under winter conditions. Sound Sweep trail searching uses exactly the same Sound Sweep procedure of regular base-radio prompts, searcher whistle-blasts and listening for an audible voice-response from the missing person, as the team follows its trail or route. Because the team is moving together on the trail only one radio per team is usually required. (Of course the previous area searching instructions of searcher-spacing and following compass bearings do not apply for Sound Sweep trail searching). The Sound Sweep radio-prompt interval is usually more frequent for trail searching than area searching due to the normally faster travel speeds of searchers on the trails. While the trail search teams may find the frequency of these whistle-blast prompts somewhat inconvenient it is not advisable to extend the period between whistle-blasts much longer than specified in the Sound Sweep Radio-Prompt table, doubling these prompt intervals will drop the probability of hearing a normal voice-response from 100%POD down to approximately 85%POD. One possible option is to have each member of the trail search team take turns in performing the whistle-blast, and perhaps not stopping while listening for the subjects voice-repsonse. The default recommended Sound Sweep Trail Search radio prompt intervals are: Every 20 seconds on trails through dense Coniferous Forest, (in summer or winter). Every 1 Minute on trails through open Sub-Alpine Forest (in winter). Sound Sweep Radio-Prompt Intervals Search SpeedDense Coniferous Forest - Summer or WinterOpen Sub-Alpine Forest - Winter ConditionsTypical Area Search SpeedsDefault Interval Default Interval 2 Minutes0.40 Km/hr 0.25 miles/hr2 Minute Interval8 Minute Interval0.62 Km/hr 0.25 miles/hr2 Minute Interval5 Minute Interval0.86 Km/hr 0.53 miles/hr1 Minute Interval4 Minute Interval1.00 Km/hr 0.62 miles/hr1 Minute Interval3 Minute IntervalTypical Trail Search SpeedsDefault Interval 20 SecondsDefault Interval 1 Minute2.00 km/hr 1.24 miles/hr30 Second Interval1 1/2 Minute Interval3.00 km/hr 1.86 miles/hr20 Second Interval1 Minute Interval4.0-5.0 km/hr 2.5-3.1 miles/hr15 Second Interval45 Second Interval Note: Doubling these prompt intervals will reduce the POD of hearing a normal voice-response from 100% POD down to approx. 85% POD. Sound Sweep comments: As the Sound Sweep relies heavily on radio communications uneccessary radio-chatter should be kept to a minimum. Having large numbers of searchers, all operating radios, raises the possibility that the radio prompt, and particularly the important following five seconds of radio silence, will be masked by radio communications. Radio communications between the radio-prompts is acceptable but no transmissions should be permitted during the radio-prompt and its following five seconds of radio silence. The searchers should occasionally perform a radio check with base, especially if they have difficulty hearing the repeated radio-prompts. The searchers may have moved out of good radio contact with base as they travel through the search area or route. If radio communication becomes poor then the base radio will have to be relocated. This may happen when searchers start, with good communication, on top of a ridge, but lose communication as they move down to the valley bottom. If necessary, plan to have an alternate base radio location in place, ready to restore communication as the searchers move through the search area. RECOMMENDED SWEEP SEARCH CONDITIONS --- For SOUND SWEEPS --- Area Sound Sweep Search Conditions: Search Type: High Probability of Detection Low Probability of Detection:Large Area Search Lowest POD  Sound Sweep Conditions: %POD# of SweepsSearcher Spacing %POD# of SweepsSearcher Spacing %POD# of SweepsSearcher SpacingDense Coniferous Forest - in Summer for Normal Voice Response 80% 3210m 689ft 286 paces 40% 1210m 689ft 286 paces 40% 1210m 689ft 286 pacesDense Coniferous Forest or Open Sub-Alpine Forest - in Winter for Normal Voice Response* 80% 1 136m 445ft 184 paces 40% 1 300m 984ft 408 paces 28% 1 480m 1574ft 652 pacesDense Coniferous Forest or Open Sub-alpine Forest - in Winter for Quiet Voice Response** 80% 1 73m 240ft 99 paces 40% 1 230m 755ft 313 paces 40% 1 230m 755ft 313 paces Typical Summer Area-Search Speeds in Dense Coniferous forest: 0.4Km/hr ((0.25 miles/hr) in rough mountain forest with moderate to heavy bush, Sound Sweep whistle-blast every 2 minutes. 1.0Km/hr ((0.62 miles/hr) in fairly level forest with light to moderate to bush, Sound Sweep whistle-blast every 1 minute. Typical Winter Area-Search Speeds on firm snow with most of the bush buried. Dense Conifereous forest: 0.62Km/hr (0.39 miles/hr) Open Sub-Alpine forest: 0.86Km/hr (0.53 miles/hr) *Sound Sweep whistle-blast every 1 minutes. **Sound Sweep whistle-blast every 2 minute. % POD vs Searcher Spacing raw data for a single SOUND SWEEP Sound Sweep Probability of DetectionDense Coniferous Forest - in Summer (Normal Voice Response)Dense Coniferous Forest or Open Sub-Alpine Forest - in Winter (Normal Voice Response)Dense Coniferous Forest or Open Sub-Alpine Forest - in Winter (Quiet Voice Response)100%18.1m 59ft60.0m 197ft15.0m 49ft95%24.4m 80ft80.0m 263ft34.1m 112ft90%31.2m 102ft106m 347ft48.2m 158ft85%38.7m 127ft120m 394ft59.5m 195ft80%47.0m 154ft136m 445ft69.9m 229ft75%56.4m 185ft152m 498ft79.9m 262ft70%67.2m 220ft167m 549ft89.9m 295ft65%80.1m 263ft182m 596ft100m 328ft60%96.3m 316ft197m 646ft111m 364ft55%118m 387ft218m 715ft124m 407ft50%151m 495ft240m 787ft139m 456ft45%188m 617ft267m 876ft160m 525ft40%216m 709ft300m 984ft235m 771ft35%235m 771ft354m 1161ft263m 863ft30%249m 817ft429m 1409ft275m 902ft25%261m 856ft550m 1804ft284m 932ft20%271m 889ft560m 1837ft- -15%280m 919ft570m 1870ft- -10%288m 945ft580m 1903ft- -5%295m 968ft- -- -0%- -- -- - Meters x 1.36 = single paces Feet x 0.425 = single paces References : (1) 'New Concepts for Gridsearching' 1991, (2) 'The Sound Sweep, - A New Tool forse radio-prompt broadcast intervals, for both area and trail searching, have been chosen from the POD search data to ensure there is a 100% probability that searchers will hear an audible voice-response from a missing person. These radio-prompt intervals correspond to a distance travelled betweens whistle blasts of not more than: 18m (59ft) in Dense Coniferous Forest - in summer or winter 60m (197ft) in Open Sub-Alpine Forest - in winter. Sound Sweep Field Operation Sound Sweep Area Searching: Every searcher in the team is equipped with a VHF radio, a map, compass and a loud whistle. (The Fortron Fox40 whistle is recommended). The search team members are spaced out at very wide spacings, as specified in the accompanying Sound Sweep Probability of Detection (POD) tables, along the search area baseline. At these spacings the searchers will often not be able to see each other and so radio communication will have to be used to maintain contact between the team members. Each searcher, upon reaching his/her s Search Teams' by Martin Colwell. 1991 (3). Planning the Gridsearch 1994 all by M. Colwell. Emergency Response Institute, Olympia, Washington. (4) An Experimental Analysis of Gridsearching, Jon Wartes, 1972 soundins.me2 ----------- END ------------- PAGE  PAGE 6 =/ 6 PAGE  PAGE 4 5 60.62 Km/hr 0.39 4persons summer typically, 24- the entire duration of thesp during the radio-prompt and the 6=/ 6]bctuw rw~%-egAB\m*=>[  \ ] c m%%%%<&U&&&&&&U'V'o'q'''''UUcVccUcUccc]' ( (%('(J(K(e(f((()) +E+F+++++++,,,,B,C,Y,Z,[,`,,,,,,,,,#-'-K-O-s-w------- ..3.7.Y.].........//./1/E/H/\/0011 11111111111 1B1C1D1uP uDPUcVcUcUcc[.]^cuwMI L ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-}~}~Xfgu&7A!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!S S M M M M S S M M l(\ &YYJYYJYYJY&AB\n+=>M[lwM S M M S M M S M M S M M S S M M M S M l(\ &YYIYYIYYIYl(\ &YYYYl(\ &YIYIYIY   6 I \ ] ^ 7!n!F"""##l%m%%%%M S M M S M M !!!!!!!!!!!!2220Zl(\ &IYYYIYYIYYl(\ &IYYIYIYl(\ &IYIYIIYIIY%%%%%%%%%&/&:&;&<&=&U&V&[&g&x&y&~&&&&&&&22    u u u u E&&l 4> ^'T3    &&&&&&''' '''' '!'#'('.'8'9'='>'@'E'K'U'V'o'''''''EEE&&@l h > xC^!')-T3   !''''''''''''''''''''( ( (%(?(K(f(g(k(l(n(o(EEEE&&EJl | > xC^!')-T3   o(s(y(((((((((((((((((((((N)y))))B*x***EEE&&22222222222Jl | > xC^!')-T3          *+ +#+E+F+M+S+T+a+n+t+++++++, ,C,Z,[,`,f,k,q,w,},,,,!!!     h h h h h h   h h h h h lJJJJII |v%)lJJJJII4|v%JJJJ8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,- ----"-#-'---3-8->-D-J-K-O-  h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h lJJJJII |v%8(O-U-[-`-f-l-r-s-w-}---------------------------.. . ..  h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h lJJJJII |v%8(...!.'.,.2.3.7.<.B.G.M.R.X.Y.].b.h.m.t.y....................  h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h lJJJJII |v%8(.........../ / / /////"/)/+/-/./1/6//@/B/D/E/H/Q/S/U/W/Y/[/\/  h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h   h h h h h lJJJJII |v%8'\///K000011111111 1C1E1N1Y1Z1[1]1^1p111!!!!!!!h`%"""K@Normal]a "A@"Default Paragraph Font @ Header !)@ Page Numbergm" ( . 1'1,1! !!!!gm" ( .U""#/#:#[#g#~####$$$ $$ $!$#$($.$=$>$K$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%k%l%n%o%s%D1E1F1J1L1M1N1O1S1U1V1W1X1Y1Z1[1\1]1^1_1o1p1q1u1w1x1y1111111111111uccP uDP&""(9.111! !!!! ""(9.U.]^cd P[DWf/b_""6#H#S#t######$$$$$*$9$:$<$A$G$V$W$d$$$$$$$$$$$$$ % %%%%%%%%Root Entry Fi6CompObjbWordDocument8fObjectPoolTSLTSL @'()*+,-H479:;<=>? ABCDEFG&IJKLMNOPXYZSummaryInformation(  FMicrosoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.6;  Oh+'0 D h   @d ER(MET_IMP) = "M"  USE speed(C:\MSOFFICE\WINWORD\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT.13th Aug. 1994 Conducting a Sound SweepMartin ColwellMartin Colwell@3HNH@@a@=Microsoft Word 6.027CARDIO3 R91 %INSTRNPCM91 J% MAY XLS e%;EPRI M92 ;%ܥe- e 1f.RRVVVVVD@`V @`@`@`P`f`X@`fE``"``````bbbbbLccKfTf]dV`````d`VV``````V`V`bDV&jV@VVVV`b``13th Aug. 1994 Conducting a Sound Sweep - Instructions to Search Teams by Martin Colwell Introduction: The Sound Sweep is an efficient form of grid-searching that utilizes sound to help find a missing person. Recent Sound Sweep field experiments (ref 1,2,3) have shown that there is a high probability of searchers finding a missing at three to four times the searcher spacing required for a normal, visual grid search. This means that search teams may cover a three to four times larger search area if they employ sound while conducting their grid search. Compared to earlier historical data (ref 4) the Sound Sweep area coverage is up to 6 times greater in dense coniferous forest in summer, 9 times greater (at a low voice-response volume) in winter and 23 times greater in sub-alpine forest in winter. The Sound Sweep therefore is an important new tool for field teams to employ, both for area searching and as they conduct their initial hasty (trail) searches. Limitations: The Sound Sweep technique is based upon the presumption that a missing person will respond with sound, usually by shouting, if he/she hears a loud sound generated by the searchers. For the technique to work the Sound Sweep must be conducted while the missing person is responsive and still capable of an audible (shouted) response. This means that Sound Sweeps should be conducted within the first few days, and preferably within the first 48 hours, of search notification. Procedure: Base Radio Operation A base radio is set up in a location that will have good coverage of the search area or route. A radio operator will repeatedly broadcast the following radio prompt to all the searchers: "Four, Three, Two, One, Blast...". This prompt will be re-broadcast typically every one or two minutes - for the entire duration of the area Sound Sweep. (An assistant radio operator is usually required to relieve with the radio-prompt duties). See the attached table for the required prompt intervals. Alternatively electronic beeper devices have been built that automatically insert four short warning tones then one long (blast) tone into the base radio transmissions, to automatically prompt the searchers to perform their whistle-blasts at the required prompt intervals. Note: These radio-prompt broadcast intervals, for both area and trail searching, have been chosen from the POD search data to ensure there is a 100% probability that searchers will hear an audible voice-response from a missing person. These radio-prompt intervals correspond to a distance travelled betweens whistle blasts of not more than: 18m (59ft) in Dense Coniferous Forest - in summer or winter 60m (197ft) in Open Sub-Alpine Forest - in winter. Sound Sweep Field Operation Sound Sweep Area Searching: Every searcher in the team is equipped with a VHF radio, a map, compass and a loud whistle. (The Fortron Fox40 whistle is recommended). The search team members are spaced out at very wide spacings, as specified in the accompanying Sound Sweep Probability of Detection (POD) tables, along the search area baseline. At these spacings the searchers will often not be able to see each other and so radio communication will have to be used to maintain contact between the team members. Each searcher, upon reaching his/her s Search Teams' by Martin Colwell. 1991 (3). Planning the Gridsearch 1994 all by M. Colwell. Emergency Response Institute, Olympia, Washington. (4) An Experimental Analysis of Gridsearching, Jon Wartes, 1972 soundins.me2 ----------- END ------------- PAGE  PAGE 6 =/ 6 PAGE  PAGE 4 5 60.62 Km/hr 0.39 4persons summer typically, 24- the entire duration of thesp during the radio-prompt and the 6=/ 6 6]bctuw rw~%-egAB\m*=>[  \ ] c m%%%%<&U&&&&&&U'V'o'q'''''UUcVccUcUccc]' ( (%('(J(K(e(f((()) +E+F+++++++,,,,B,C,Y,Z,[,`,,,,,,,,,#-'-K-O-s-w------- ..3.7.Y.].........//./1/E/H/\/0011 11111111111 1B1C1D1uP uDPUcVcUcUcc[.]^cuwMI L ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-}~}~Xfgu&7A!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!S S M M M M S S M M l(\ &YYJYYJYYJY&AB\n+=>M[lwM S M M S M M S M M S M M S S M M M S M l(\ &YYIYYIYYIYl(\ &YYYYl(\ &YIYIYIY   6 I \ ] ^ 7!n!F"""##l%m%%%%M S M M S M M !!!!!!!!!!!!2220Zl(\ &IYYYIYYIYYl(\ &IYYIYIYl(\ &IYIYIIYIIY%%%%%%%%%&/&:&;&<&=&U&V&[&g&x&y&~&&&&&&&22    u u u u E&&l 4> ^'T3    \///K000011111111 1C1E1N1Y1Z1[1]1^1p1111!!!!!!!h`%"""K@Normal]a "A@"Default Paragraph Font @ Header !)@ Page Numbergm" ( . 1'1,1! !!!!gm" ( .U""#/#:#[#g#~####$$$ $$ $!$#$($.$=$>$K$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%k%l%n%o%s%D1E1F1J1L1M1N1O1S1U1V1W1X1Y1Z1[1\1]1^1_1o1p1q1u1w1x1y111111111111111uccP uDP(""(9.111! !!!! ""(9.U.]^cd P[DWf/b_""6#H#S#t######$$$$$*$9$:$<$A$G$V$W$d$$$$$$$$$$$$$ % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'<(^(_(f(l(m(z(((((((()9)\)t)y)))))))))))))))))))))* ****$*)*5*<*@*F*L*Q*]*d*h*n*t*y********************++ ++++&+*+/+5+:+E+L+P+U+[+`+k+r+v+{+++++++++++++++++++++,, ,,,,$,',+,0,6,;,D,G,J,O,U,W,[,^,a,j,l,n,r,u,,,d---9.! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!M M M M M M M M M M !!22u u u E&EEE&&EEEE&&EEEE&&2!!     h h h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h !!!!! 'D11*A%&'o(*,O-..\/1 !"#$%&'( !!Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.%%%%%%%%%'<(^(_(f(l(m(z(((((((()9)\)t)y)))))))))))))))))))))* ****$*)*5*<*@*F*L*Q*]*d*h*n*t*y********************++ ++++&+*+/+5+:+E+L+P+U+[+`+k+r+v+{+++++++++++++++++++++,, ,,,,$,',+,0,6,;,D,G,J,O,U,W,[,^,a,j,l,n,r,u,,,d---9.! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!M M M M M M M M M M !!22u u u E&EEE&&EEEE&&EEEE&&2!!     h h h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h   h h h !!!!! 'D11*A%&'o(*,O-..\/1 !"#$%&'( !!Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin ColwellC:\MEMO\SAR\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2@HP LaserJet IIICOM1:hppcl5aHP LaserJet III 8DRmHP LaserJet III 8DRm----bcmqstu>I8S..$.&.'.(.).*./.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Y1bq1u1w1x1ly11.11: 11vfg_11"1E1J1L1M111N1S1U11W1X11111EME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2Martin Colwell!C:\MEMO\SAR\LOGISTIC\SOUNDINS.ME2@HP LaserJet IIICOM1:hppcl5aHP LaserJet III 8DRmHP LaserJet III 8DRm----bcmqstu>I8S..$.&.'.(.).*./.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Y1bq1u1w1x1ly11.11: 11vfg_11"1E1J1L1M111N1S1U11W1X11111ETimes New Roman Symbol &Arial1Courier 10cpi"h5Se2EE:Y]-13th Aug. 1994 Conducting a Sound SweepMartin ColwellMartin Colwell.11: 11vfg_11"1E1J1L1M111N1S1U11W1X11111ETime